Generic modeling framework of Multi-Energy Systems (MES) within the Upstream Oil Supply Chain (USOSC) network

Persistent decline in energy return on energy invested (EROEI) of crude oil production has challenged researchers to find solutions to a sustainable supporting energy framework. This study looks at determining the economic profit of integrating renewable energy sources to support crude oil production, formulated as a pooling problem, while mitigating carbon dioxide emissions from each sector of the USOSC. General Algebraic Modeling Systems was used to develop a MILP multi-period model to evaluate optimal energy distribution based on an integrated renewable energy infrastructure, using the multi-energy hub approach. A case study was carried out on Abu Dhabi, where 10 oil producing wells of varying quality were considered. Different scenarios, including varying EROI, implementation of EOR+ technology (i.e. carbon capture and re-injection) and employment of carbon cap and trade program (CC&T), were considered. Major findings from each of these scenarios depict the energy system configuration along with optimum flow rates whilst maximizing economic profit.