Flocculation of Chlorella vulgaris by shell waste-derived bioflocculants for biodiesel production: Process optimization, characterization and kinetic studies

Uganeeswary Suparmaniam; Man Kee Lam; Yoshimitsu Uemura; Siew Hoong Shuit; Jun Wei Lim; Pau Loke Show; Keat Teong Lee; Yukihiko Matsumura; Phung Thi Kim Le

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134995

Flocculation of Chlorella vulgaris by shell waste-derived bioflocculants for biodiesel production: Process optimization, characterization and kinetic studies

Uganeeswary Suparmaniam, Man Kee Lam, Yoshimitsu Uemura, Siew Hoong Shuit, Jun Wei Lim, Pau Loke Show, Keat Teong Lee, Yukihiko Matsumura, Phung Thi Kim Le

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

71 Scopus citations

Abstract

Flocculants are foreign particles that aggregate suspended microalgae cells and due to cost factor and toxicity, harvesting of microalgae biomass has shifted towards the use of bioflocculants. In this study, mild acid-extracted bioflocculants from waste chicken's eggshell and clam shell were used to harvest Chlorella vulgaris that was cultivated using chicken compost as nutrient source. It was found that a maximum of 99% flocculation efficiency can be attained at pH medium of 9.8 using 60 mg/L of hydrochloric acid-extracted chicken's eggshell bioflocculant at 50 °C of reaction temperature. On the other hand, 80 mg/L of hydrochloric acid-extracted clam shell bioflocculant was sufficient to recover C. vulgaris biomass at pH 9.8 and optimum temperature of 40 °C. The bioflocculants and bioflocs were characterized using microscopic, zeta potential, XRD, AAS and FT-IR analysis. The result revealed that calcium ions in the bioflocculants are the main contributor towards the flocculation of C. vulgaris, employing charge neutralization and sweeping as possible flocculation mechanisms. The kinetic parameters were best fitted pseudo-second order which resulted in R² of 0.99 under optimal flocculation temperature. The results herein, disclosed the applicability of shell waste-derived bioflocculants for up-scaled microalgae harvesting for biodiesel production.

Original language	British English
Article number	134995
Journal	Science of the Total Environment
Volume	702
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134995
State	Published - 1 Feb 2020

Keywords

Biodiesel
Bioflocculant
Flocculation
Harvesting
Kinetic
Microalgae

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134995

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Suparmaniam, U., Lam, M. K., Uemura, Y., Shuit, S. H., Lim, J. W., Show, P. L., Lee, K. T., Matsumura, Y., & Le, P. T. K. (2020). Flocculation of Chlorella vulgaris by shell waste-derived bioflocculants for biodiesel production: Process optimization, characterization and kinetic studies. Science of the Total Environment, 702, Article 134995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134995

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title = "Flocculation of Chlorella vulgaris by shell waste-derived bioflocculants for biodiesel production: Process optimization, characterization and kinetic studies",

abstract = "Flocculants are foreign particles that aggregate suspended microalgae cells and due to cost factor and toxicity, harvesting of microalgae biomass has shifted towards the use of bioflocculants. In this study, mild acid-extracted bioflocculants from waste chicken's eggshell and clam shell were used to harvest Chlorella vulgaris that was cultivated using chicken compost as nutrient source. It was found that a maximum of 99% flocculation efficiency can be attained at pH medium of 9.8 using 60 mg/L of hydrochloric acid-extracted chicken's eggshell bioflocculant at 50 °C of reaction temperature. On the other hand, 80 mg/L of hydrochloric acid-extracted clam shell bioflocculant was sufficient to recover C. vulgaris biomass at pH 9.8 and optimum temperature of 40 °C. The bioflocculants and bioflocs were characterized using microscopic, zeta potential, XRD, AAS and FT-IR analysis. The result revealed that calcium ions in the bioflocculants are the main contributor towards the flocculation of C. vulgaris, employing charge neutralization and sweeping as possible flocculation mechanisms. The kinetic parameters were best fitted pseudo-second order which resulted in R2 of 0.99 under optimal flocculation temperature. The results herein, disclosed the applicability of shell waste-derived bioflocculants for up-scaled microalgae harvesting for biodiesel production.",

keywords = "Biodiesel, Bioflocculant, Flocculation, Harvesting, Kinetic, Microalgae",

author = "Uganeeswary Suparmaniam and Lam, {Man Kee} and Yoshimitsu Uemura and Shuit, {Siew Hoong} and Lim, {Jun Wei} and Show, {Pau Loke} and Lee, {Keat Teong} and Yukihiko Matsumura and Le, {Phung Thi Kim}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support received from Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (YUTP-FRG with cost centre 0153AA-H46 ) and Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) Malaysia (Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) – Malaysia{\textquoteright}s Rising Star Award (MRSA) 2016 with account number 203/PJKIMIA/6071362 ). Support from Ministry of Education Malaysia through HiCOE award to CBBR is duly acknowledged. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Elsevier B.V.",

year = "2020",

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doi = "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134995",

language = "British English",

volume = "702",

journal = "Science of the Total Environment",

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T1 - Flocculation of Chlorella vulgaris by shell waste-derived bioflocculants for biodiesel production

T2 - Process optimization, characterization and kinetic studies

AU - Suparmaniam, Uganeeswary

AU - Lam, Man Kee

AU - Uemura, Yoshimitsu

AU - Shuit, Siew Hoong

AU - Lim, Jun Wei

AU - Show, Pau Loke

AU - Lee, Keat Teong

AU - Matsumura, Yukihiko

AU - Le, Phung Thi Kim

N1 - Funding Information: The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support received from Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (YUTP-FRG with cost centre 0153AA-H46 ) and Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) Malaysia (Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) – Malaysia’s Rising Star Award (MRSA) 2016 with account number 203/PJKIMIA/6071362 ). Support from Ministry of Education Malaysia through HiCOE award to CBBR is duly acknowledged. Publisher Copyright: © 2019 Elsevier B.V.

PY - 2020/2/1

Y1 - 2020/2/1

N2 - Flocculants are foreign particles that aggregate suspended microalgae cells and due to cost factor and toxicity, harvesting of microalgae biomass has shifted towards the use of bioflocculants. In this study, mild acid-extracted bioflocculants from waste chicken's eggshell and clam shell were used to harvest Chlorella vulgaris that was cultivated using chicken compost as nutrient source. It was found that a maximum of 99% flocculation efficiency can be attained at pH medium of 9.8 using 60 mg/L of hydrochloric acid-extracted chicken's eggshell bioflocculant at 50 °C of reaction temperature. On the other hand, 80 mg/L of hydrochloric acid-extracted clam shell bioflocculant was sufficient to recover C. vulgaris biomass at pH 9.8 and optimum temperature of 40 °C. The bioflocculants and bioflocs were characterized using microscopic, zeta potential, XRD, AAS and FT-IR analysis. The result revealed that calcium ions in the bioflocculants are the main contributor towards the flocculation of C. vulgaris, employing charge neutralization and sweeping as possible flocculation mechanisms. The kinetic parameters were best fitted pseudo-second order which resulted in R2 of 0.99 under optimal flocculation temperature. The results herein, disclosed the applicability of shell waste-derived bioflocculants for up-scaled microalgae harvesting for biodiesel production.

AB - Flocculants are foreign particles that aggregate suspended microalgae cells and due to cost factor and toxicity, harvesting of microalgae biomass has shifted towards the use of bioflocculants. In this study, mild acid-extracted bioflocculants from waste chicken's eggshell and clam shell were used to harvest Chlorella vulgaris that was cultivated using chicken compost as nutrient source. It was found that a maximum of 99% flocculation efficiency can be attained at pH medium of 9.8 using 60 mg/L of hydrochloric acid-extracted chicken's eggshell bioflocculant at 50 °C of reaction temperature. On the other hand, 80 mg/L of hydrochloric acid-extracted clam shell bioflocculant was sufficient to recover C. vulgaris biomass at pH 9.8 and optimum temperature of 40 °C. The bioflocculants and bioflocs were characterized using microscopic, zeta potential, XRD, AAS and FT-IR analysis. The result revealed that calcium ions in the bioflocculants are the main contributor towards the flocculation of C. vulgaris, employing charge neutralization and sweeping as possible flocculation mechanisms. The kinetic parameters were best fitted pseudo-second order which resulted in R2 of 0.99 under optimal flocculation temperature. The results herein, disclosed the applicability of shell waste-derived bioflocculants for up-scaled microalgae harvesting for biodiesel production.

KW - Biodiesel

KW - Bioflocculant

KW - Flocculation

KW - Harvesting

KW - Kinetic

KW - Microalgae

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DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134995

M3 - Article

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AN - SCOPUS:85074634580

SN - 0048-9697

VL - 702

JO - Science of the Total Environment

JF - Science of the Total Environment

M1 - 134995

ER -

Flocculation of Chlorella vulgaris by shell waste-derived bioflocculants for biodiesel production: Process optimization, characterization and kinetic studies

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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