Exploiting light-matter interactions in multifunctional nanocomposite core–shell materials for advanced utilization of full-spectrum solar energy

This study investigates the use of multifunctional core–shell nanocomposites to enhance solar energy conversion efficiency by effectively utilizing the full electromagnetic spectrum, particularly the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared regions. By incorporating these advanced nanocomposite materials into the novel thermal fluid, the research aims to optimize light-matter interactions for improved solar absorption and energy conversion. The effects of operational parameters (flow rate, nanoparticle type and size, aspect ratio, and bulk fluid temperature) and environmental factors (wind speed and solar radiation intensity) on system performance are investigated. Results show that innovative nanocomposite materials such as Al₂O₃@Al, Fe₃O₄@Al, and SiO₂@Al increase efficiency by 23.2, 23.4, and 25 %, respectively, compared to traditional nanoparticles due to improved localized surface plasmon resonance. Increasing the flow rate to 77.97 ml/min also boosts efficiency by 1112.5, 1062.5, and 1066.7 % for Al₂O₃@Au, Fe₃O₄@Au, and SiO₂@Au, respectively, compared to pure water. Additionally, enhancing solar heat flux to 1200 W/m² improves thermal fluid heat recovery. Increasing nanoparticle size from 22 to 34 nm, however, decreases efficiency by 5.7 to 6.5 % due to weakened interphase characteristics between the water molecules and nanocomposite materials. Raising the bulk fluid temperature from 304.12 to 329.12 K significantly increases heat losses by up to 369.9 %, and higher wind speeds further degrade efficiency. Lastly, increasing the aspect ratio from 15 to 35 intensifies heat losses, reducing efficiency by up to 15.5 %. These findings highlight the potential of this technology to aid in achieving net-zero emissions and carbon neutrality while reducing greenhouse gases.