Ethylene production from ethanol dehydration over mesoporous SBA-15 catalyst derived from palm oil clinker waste

Yoke Wang Cheng; Chi Cheng Chong; Chin Kui Cheng; Kim Hoong Ng; Thongthai Witoon; Joon Ching Juan

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119323

Ethylene production from ethanol dehydration over mesoporous SBA-15 catalyst derived from palm oil clinker waste

Yoke Wang Cheng, Chi Cheng Chong, Chin Kui Cheng, Kim Hoong Ng, Thongthai Witoon, Joon Ching Juan

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

33 Scopus citations

Abstract

The silica-rich palm oil clinker (POC) from oil palm agroindustry is often dumped in landfill. This work investigated the valorisation of POC into Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 (SBA-15) catalyst, the modulation of its surface acidity, and its application in dehydration of ethanol to ethylene. With commercial SBA-15 [SBA-15(Comm.)] as reference, the successful fabrication of POC-derived SBA-15 [POC-SBA-15(pH = 3, 5, and 7)] were validated by spectroscopic and microscopic characterisation. From the results of temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, the SBA-15(Comm.) have high strong acidity while POC-SBA-15 exhibit enriched weak-moderate acidity. For ethanol dehydration over SBA-15 at 200–400 °C, the ethanol conversion (X_C₂H₅OH) and ethylene selectivity (S_C₂H₄) rise with temperature. The catalytic activity was ranked as SBA-15(Comm.) < POC-SBA-15(3) < POC-SBA-15(7) < POC-SBA-15(5). Spent catalysts characterisation unanimously confirms the least carbon deposition on POC-SBA-15(5), which subsequently used to study the effect of initial ethanol concentration and liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV). When 99.5 wt% ethanol diluted to 50 wt%, the competitive adsorption between ethanol and water reduces X_C₂H₅OH but enhances S_C₂H₄. Further ethanol dilution (≤30 wt%) deteriorates S_C₂H₄ following remarkable ethanol steam reforming at elevated temperature (≥350 °C). For 50 wt% ethanol dehydration over POC-SBA-15(5) at 400 °C, a greater LHSV furnishes a higher ethanol partial pressure that increases X_C₂H₅OH but decreases S_C₂H₄. When LHSV >16 mL/g·h, the saturation of finite active sites with adsorbates renders the drastic declination of X_C₂H₅OH and S_C₂H₄. For ethanol dehydration over POC-SBA-15(5), the optimal conditions are temperature of 400 °C, initial ethanol concentration of 50 wt%, and LHSV of 16 mL/g·h. Fresh POC-SBA-15(5) steadily catalyses the optimal process (73.33% X_C₂H₅OH and 84.70% S_C₂H₄) up to 105 h. Meanwhile, regenerated POC-SBA-15(5) achieves a lower catalytic activity (71.95% X_C₂H₅OH and 81.96% S_C₂H₄).

Original language	British English
Article number	119323
Journal	Journal of Cleaner Production
Volume	249
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119323
State	Published - 10 Mar 2020

Keywords

Ethanol dehydration
Ethylene
Mesoporous SBA-15
Operating conditions
Palm oil clinker
Surface acidity

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10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119323

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@article{1354e83ccf434a09bb44003a101e8406,

title = "Ethylene production from ethanol dehydration over mesoporous SBA-15 catalyst derived from palm oil clinker waste",

abstract = "The silica-rich palm oil clinker (POC) from oil palm agroindustry is often dumped in landfill. This work investigated the valorisation of POC into Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 (SBA-15) catalyst, the modulation of its surface acidity, and its application in dehydration of ethanol to ethylene. With commercial SBA-15 [SBA-15(Comm.)] as reference, the successful fabrication of POC-derived SBA-15 [POC-SBA-15(pH = 3, 5, and 7)] were validated by spectroscopic and microscopic characterisation. From the results of temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, the SBA-15(Comm.) have high strong acidity while POC-SBA-15 exhibit enriched weak-moderate acidity. For ethanol dehydration over SBA-15 at 200–400 °C, the ethanol conversion (XC2H5OH) and ethylene selectivity (SC2H4 ) rise with temperature. The catalytic activity was ranked as SBA-15(Comm.) < POC-SBA-15(3) < POC-SBA-15(7) < POC-SBA-15(5). Spent catalysts characterisation unanimously confirms the least carbon deposition on POC-SBA-15(5), which subsequently used to study the effect of initial ethanol concentration and liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV). When 99.5 wt% ethanol diluted to 50 wt%, the competitive adsorption between ethanol and water reduces XC2H5OH but enhances SC2H4 . Further ethanol dilution (≤30 wt%) deteriorates SC2H4 following remarkable ethanol steam reforming at elevated temperature (≥350 °C). For 50 wt% ethanol dehydration over POC-SBA-15(5) at 400 °C, a greater LHSV furnishes a higher ethanol partial pressure that increases XC2H5OH but decreases SC2H4 . When LHSV >16 mL/g·h, the saturation of finite active sites with adsorbates renders the drastic declination of XC2H5OH and SC2H4 . For ethanol dehydration over POC-SBA-15(5), the optimal conditions are temperature of 400 °C, initial ethanol concentration of 50 wt%, and LHSV of 16 mL/g·h. Fresh POC-SBA-15(5) steadily catalyses the optimal process (73.33% XC2H5OH and 84.70% SC2H4 ) up to 105 h. Meanwhile, regenerated POC-SBA-15(5) achieves a lower catalytic activity (71.95% XC2H5OH and 81.96% SC2H4 ).",

keywords = "Ethanol dehydration, Ethylene, Mesoporous SBA-15, Operating conditions, Palm oil clinker, Surface acidity",

author = "Cheng, {Yoke Wang} and Chong, {Chi Cheng} and Cheng, {Chin Kui} and Ng, {Kim Hoong} and Thongthai Witoon and Juan, {Joon Ching}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE), Malaysia with a grant number of RDU170116. Chi Cheng Chong would like to express her gratitude to Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP) for the Doctoral Research Scheme. Funding Information: This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE), Malaysia with a grant number of RDU170116 . Chi Cheng Chong would like to express her gratitude to Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP) for the Doctoral Research Scheme. Appendix A Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Elsevier Ltd",

year = "2020",

month = mar,

day = "10",

doi = "10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119323",

language = "British English",

volume = "249",

journal = "Journal of Cleaner Production",

issn = "0959-6526",

publisher = "Elsevier Ltd",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Ethylene production from ethanol dehydration over mesoporous SBA-15 catalyst derived from palm oil clinker waste

AU - Cheng, Yoke Wang

AU - Chong, Chi Cheng

AU - Cheng, Chin Kui

AU - Ng, Kim Hoong

AU - Witoon, Thongthai

AU - Juan, Joon Ching

N1 - Funding Information: This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE), Malaysia with a grant number of RDU170116. Chi Cheng Chong would like to express her gratitude to Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP) for the Doctoral Research Scheme. Funding Information: This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE), Malaysia with a grant number of RDU170116 . Chi Cheng Chong would like to express her gratitude to Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP) for the Doctoral Research Scheme. Appendix A Publisher Copyright: © 2019 Elsevier Ltd

PY - 2020/3/10

Y1 - 2020/3/10

N2 - The silica-rich palm oil clinker (POC) from oil palm agroindustry is often dumped in landfill. This work investigated the valorisation of POC into Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 (SBA-15) catalyst, the modulation of its surface acidity, and its application in dehydration of ethanol to ethylene. With commercial SBA-15 [SBA-15(Comm.)] as reference, the successful fabrication of POC-derived SBA-15 [POC-SBA-15(pH = 3, 5, and 7)] were validated by spectroscopic and microscopic characterisation. From the results of temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, the SBA-15(Comm.) have high strong acidity while POC-SBA-15 exhibit enriched weak-moderate acidity. For ethanol dehydration over SBA-15 at 200–400 °C, the ethanol conversion (XC2H5OH) and ethylene selectivity (SC2H4 ) rise with temperature. The catalytic activity was ranked as SBA-15(Comm.) < POC-SBA-15(3) < POC-SBA-15(7) < POC-SBA-15(5). Spent catalysts characterisation unanimously confirms the least carbon deposition on POC-SBA-15(5), which subsequently used to study the effect of initial ethanol concentration and liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV). When 99.5 wt% ethanol diluted to 50 wt%, the competitive adsorption between ethanol and water reduces XC2H5OH but enhances SC2H4 . Further ethanol dilution (≤30 wt%) deteriorates SC2H4 following remarkable ethanol steam reforming at elevated temperature (≥350 °C). For 50 wt% ethanol dehydration over POC-SBA-15(5) at 400 °C, a greater LHSV furnishes a higher ethanol partial pressure that increases XC2H5OH but decreases SC2H4 . When LHSV >16 mL/g·h, the saturation of finite active sites with adsorbates renders the drastic declination of XC2H5OH and SC2H4 . For ethanol dehydration over POC-SBA-15(5), the optimal conditions are temperature of 400 °C, initial ethanol concentration of 50 wt%, and LHSV of 16 mL/g·h. Fresh POC-SBA-15(5) steadily catalyses the optimal process (73.33% XC2H5OH and 84.70% SC2H4 ) up to 105 h. Meanwhile, regenerated POC-SBA-15(5) achieves a lower catalytic activity (71.95% XC2H5OH and 81.96% SC2H4 ).

AB - The silica-rich palm oil clinker (POC) from oil palm agroindustry is often dumped in landfill. This work investigated the valorisation of POC into Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 (SBA-15) catalyst, the modulation of its surface acidity, and its application in dehydration of ethanol to ethylene. With commercial SBA-15 [SBA-15(Comm.)] as reference, the successful fabrication of POC-derived SBA-15 [POC-SBA-15(pH = 3, 5, and 7)] were validated by spectroscopic and microscopic characterisation. From the results of temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, the SBA-15(Comm.) have high strong acidity while POC-SBA-15 exhibit enriched weak-moderate acidity. For ethanol dehydration over SBA-15 at 200–400 °C, the ethanol conversion (XC2H5OH) and ethylene selectivity (SC2H4 ) rise with temperature. The catalytic activity was ranked as SBA-15(Comm.) < POC-SBA-15(3) < POC-SBA-15(7) < POC-SBA-15(5). Spent catalysts characterisation unanimously confirms the least carbon deposition on POC-SBA-15(5), which subsequently used to study the effect of initial ethanol concentration and liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV). When 99.5 wt% ethanol diluted to 50 wt%, the competitive adsorption between ethanol and water reduces XC2H5OH but enhances SC2H4 . Further ethanol dilution (≤30 wt%) deteriorates SC2H4 following remarkable ethanol steam reforming at elevated temperature (≥350 °C). For 50 wt% ethanol dehydration over POC-SBA-15(5) at 400 °C, a greater LHSV furnishes a higher ethanol partial pressure that increases XC2H5OH but decreases SC2H4 . When LHSV >16 mL/g·h, the saturation of finite active sites with adsorbates renders the drastic declination of XC2H5OH and SC2H4 . For ethanol dehydration over POC-SBA-15(5), the optimal conditions are temperature of 400 °C, initial ethanol concentration of 50 wt%, and LHSV of 16 mL/g·h. Fresh POC-SBA-15(5) steadily catalyses the optimal process (73.33% XC2H5OH and 84.70% SC2H4 ) up to 105 h. Meanwhile, regenerated POC-SBA-15(5) achieves a lower catalytic activity (71.95% XC2H5OH and 81.96% SC2H4 ).

KW - Ethanol dehydration

KW - Ethylene

KW - Mesoporous SBA-15

KW - Operating conditions

KW - Palm oil clinker

KW - Surface acidity

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U2 - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119323

DO - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119323

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85075870648

SN - 0959-6526

VL - 249

JO - Journal of Cleaner Production

JF - Journal of Cleaner Production

M1 - 119323

ER -

Ethylene production from ethanol dehydration over mesoporous SBA-15 catalyst derived from palm oil clinker waste

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Keywords

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