Estimation-Based Online Adaptive Management of Distribution Feeder Congestion Using Electrolysis Hydrogen Refueling Stations

The utilization of hydrogen-powered vehicles as an alternative to fossil-fueled ones has been identified as a promising solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. To promote the deployment of hydrogen-powered vehicles, however, it is imperative that hydrogen refueling stations with on-site electricity-produced hydrogen (eHRSs) are economically utilized for concurrent services. Therefore, this article proposes a new estimation-based method for the optimal scheduling of eHRS for the provision of congestion management services to the distribution system. The method allows for real-time adaptive management of the congestion level in the feeder as decided by the distribution system operator. A new correlation-based method is proposed for online estimation of the amount of congestion and determination of the eHRSs setpoints to relieve congestion on the distribution feeders. This article also develops a congestion management pricing mechanism for the compensation of eHRSs that serve the distribution grid. Numerical results indicate how distribution feeder congestion can be adaptively managed, while the financial profile of the eHRSs is improved via joint application and provision of concurrent services to the transportation sector and grid operator.