Effects of RF Impairments in Communications over Cascaded Fading Channels

Direct-conversion architectures can offer highly integrated low-cost hardware solutions to communication transceivers. However, it has been demonstrated that radio frequency (RF) impairments such as amplifier nonlinearities, phase noise, and in-Phase/quadrature-Phase imbalances (IQI) can lead to severe degradation of the performance of such systems. Motivated by this, the present work is devoted to the quantification and evaluation of the effects of RF IQI on wireless communications in the context of cascaded fading channels for both single-Carrier and multicarrier systems. To this end, closed-form expressions are first derived for the outage probability (OP) over $N^{\ast}$ Nakagami-$m$ channels for the cases of ideal transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX), ideal TX and IQI RX, IQI TX and ideal RX, and joint TX/RX IQI. The offered expressions, along with several deduced corresponding special cases, are subsequently employed in vehicle-To-Vehicle (V2V) communications to justify their importance and practical usefulness in the context of emerging communication systems. The offered analytic results are corroborated by extensive comparisons with respective results from computer simulations. It is shown that considering non-Ideal RF front-Ends at the TX and/or RX introduces nonnegligible errors in the OP performance that can exceed 20% under several communication scenarios. It is further demonstrated that the effects by cascaded multipath fading conditions are particularly detrimental as they typically result in considerable performance losses of around or over an order of magnitude.