@article{45b4d17ff4694596877195532897262a,
title = "Drying stresses in cellulose nanocrystal coatings: Impact of molecular and macromolecular additives",
abstract = "The industrial implementation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in films and coatings requires thorough evaluation of the internal stresses post-consolidation, as they cause fracturing and peeling. Characterizing the impact of plasticizing additives on stress is therefore critical. Herein, we use the deflection of thin glass substrates to measure drying stresses in consolidating CNC films, and benchmark the impact of five additives (glucose, glycerol, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and bovine serum albumin). Glycerol and PEG reduced drying stresses effectively, while PEG of increased molecular weight (from 0.2 to 10 kDa), PVA, and BSA were less effective. We analyzed the temporal aspects of the process, where stress relaxation of up to 30 % was observed 2 years after coating formation. Finally, we provide a framework to evaluate the impact of CNC morphology on residual stresses. The introduced approach is expected to fast-track the optimization and implementation of coatings based on biocolloids.",
keywords = "Cellulose nanocrystals, Coating, Drying stresses, Nanocellulose, Plasticizer, Residual stress",
author = "Klockars, {Konrad W.} and Greca, {Luiz G.} and Johanna Majoinen and Karl Mihhels and Rojas, {Orlando J.} and Tardy, {Blaise L.}",
note = "Funding Information: We acknowledge funding support by the European Research Council under the advanced grant 788489 BioElCell. Luiz G. Greca & Karl Mihhels acknowledge funding from Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering and Konrad W. Klockars acknowledges funding from the Walter Ahlstr{\"o}m Foundation . We acknowledge the support by Aalto University at OtaNano — Nanomicroscopy Center (Aalto-NMC). The authors are also grateful for the support of the Academy of Finland through its Centres of Excellence Programme (2014–2019) under Project 264677 “Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research” (HYBER). We thank Prof. Olli Ikkala for his insightful comments. BLT is the recipient of the Khalifa University of Science and Technology (KUST) Faculty Startup Project (Project code: 84741140-FSU-2022-021 ). Funding Information: We acknowledge funding support by the European Research Council under the advanced grant 788489 BioElCell. Luiz G. Greca & Karl Mihhels acknowledge funding from Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering and Konrad W. Klockars acknowledges funding from the Walter Ahlstr{\"o}m Foundation. We acknowledge the support by Aalto University at OtaNano — Nanomicroscopy Center (Aalto-NMC). The authors are also grateful for the support of the Academy of Finland through its Centres of Excellence Programme (2014–2019) under Project 264677 “Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research” (HYBER). We thank Prof. Olli Ikkala for his insightful comments. BLT is the recipient of the Khalifa University of Science and Technology (KUST) Faculty Startup Project (Project code: 84741140-FSU-2022-021). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022",
year = "2023",
month = mar,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120465",
language = "British English",
volume = "303",
journal = "Carbohydrate Polymers",
issn = "0144-8617",
publisher = "Elsevier",
}