Demand Side Management-Based Load Frequency Control of Islanded Microgrid Using Direct Load Control

The increase in energy demand toward modern society makes the power system to include non-conventional energy sources along with conventional ones, however, the most significant challenges we are facing in the power system toward maintaining the frequency deviation. The more and more penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) will affect the system frequency. So we need to think about such a system that will sustain these intermittencies of the RES with minimal frequency deviation. In this paper, the direct load control method of demand side management (DSM) has been used for control of frequency variation. This paper proposes a model of hybrid microgrid (hμG ) system where the traditional RES like solar PV (SPV) and wind turbine generator (WTG) have been included. We have also included biodiesel engine generator (BDEG), refrigerator (REFG), heat pump (HP), and plugged-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) to study the system performance toward frequency variation. Without any storage device, a demand response (DR) controller helps in monitoring and managing the controllable loads to adjust the system frequency. We have considered the PID controller the hμG, whose parameters are optimized by selfish herd optimization (SHO). Various case studies have been considered for observing system behavior. The simulated results were found satisfactory and confirm that the system frequency varies within the allowable limit, which enhances the system robustness.