TY - JOUR
T1 - Deep eutectic solvent-mediated synthesis of ceria nanoparticles with the enhanced yield for photocatalytic degradation of flumequine under UV-C
AU - Iqbal, Jibran
AU - Shah, Noor S.
AU - Sayed, Murtaza
AU - Muhammad, Nawshad
AU - Rehman, Saif ur
AU - Khan, Javed Ali
AU - Haq Khan, Zia Ul
AU - Howari, Fares M.
AU - Nazzal, Yousef
AU - Xavier, Cijo
AU - Arshad, Sidra
AU - Hussein, Aseel
AU - Polychronopoulou, Kyriaki
N1 - Funding Information:
The study was supported by Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, UAE under the research cluster grant R18029.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2020/2
Y1 - 2020/2
N2 - This study investigated the use of a deep eutectic solvent (DES) for promoting the yield and stability of ceria nanoparticles used for the degradation of flumequine (FLU) under UV-C irradiation. The characterization by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and BET surface area analysis revealed the synthesis of highly stable, highly crystalline, and mesoporous ceria nanoparticles using DES which led to the high removal, i.e., 50 % and 94 % of FLU using DES-Ceria and UV-C/DES-Ceria, respectively. Removal of FLU by the UV-C mediated ceria nanoparticles was due to [rad]OH and thus factors that influenced the reactivity and yield of [rad]OH retarded the removal efficiency of FLU. The pH of aqueous solution affected the removal of FLU by the photocatalysts and removal of FLU was inhibited at highly alkaline and acidic pH. The degradation pathways of FLU were established from the pattern of its degradation and nature of the degradation products. Acute and chronic toxicities of FLU as well as its products were measured. The photocatalyst synthesized in DES was found to be environmentally benign and showed significant potential in the remediation of FLU.
AB - This study investigated the use of a deep eutectic solvent (DES) for promoting the yield and stability of ceria nanoparticles used for the degradation of flumequine (FLU) under UV-C irradiation. The characterization by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and BET surface area analysis revealed the synthesis of highly stable, highly crystalline, and mesoporous ceria nanoparticles using DES which led to the high removal, i.e., 50 % and 94 % of FLU using DES-Ceria and UV-C/DES-Ceria, respectively. Removal of FLU by the UV-C mediated ceria nanoparticles was due to [rad]OH and thus factors that influenced the reactivity and yield of [rad]OH retarded the removal efficiency of FLU. The pH of aqueous solution affected the removal of FLU by the photocatalysts and removal of FLU was inhibited at highly alkaline and acidic pH. The degradation pathways of FLU were established from the pattern of its degradation and nature of the degradation products. Acute and chronic toxicities of FLU as well as its products were measured. The photocatalyst synthesized in DES was found to be environmentally benign and showed significant potential in the remediation of FLU.
KW - Ceria nanoparticles
KW - Deep eutectic solvent
KW - Flumequine
KW - Water treatment
KW - Yield: Photocatalysis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85074353682&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jwpe.2019.101012
DO - 10.1016/j.jwpe.2019.101012
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85074353682
SN - 2214-7144
VL - 33
JO - Journal of Water Process Engineering
JF - Journal of Water Process Engineering
M1 - 101012
ER -