CubeSat-Based Laser Ablation Debris Removal Concept

The research presents the design and feasibility assessment of a novel CubeSat-based laser ablation debris removal (LADR) concept, aimed at addressing the critical issue of space debris mitigation. The study develops an onboard laser ablation propulsion thruster (LAPT) system that utilizes the debris object as fuel during the deorbit phase. The system’s parameters are chosen upon evaluating state-of-the-art compact laser systems and analyzing the material composition of space. The research investigates the energy density required to initiate and optimize the ablation process and tests CubeSat platforms in terms of thrust force generated and deorbit phase duration. Geometrical constraints specific to CubeSats, such as the size of optics and laser systems, are applied. Case studies on three high-priority debris objects demonstrate that 16U and 27U CubeSats can achieve the necessary energy density and thrust force to deorbit representative targets within the recommended mission duration of 25 years. The results indicate that this innovative LADR concept can effectively contribute to the sustainable management of space debris, providing a viable solution for future debris removal missions.