Coordination of time delay and GCSC for frequency stabilization of dual-area interlinked microgrid using non-integer controller optimization

This study presents a novel frequency regulation solution for renewables (wind-solar tower)-bio (biodiesel-biogas) cogenerated independent dual-area interlinked microgrid power system (IµPS) with collective effect of time delay and flexible gate-controlled series capacitor (GCSC). As a component, a non-integer proportional fractional integral fractional derivative (PFIFD) controller is introduced whose dynamic responses is compared with integer order PID (IOPID) and fractional order PI (FOPI) controllers. The findings demonstrate that the suggested non-integer PFIFD controller performs better than IOPID and FOPI at giving superior dynamic properties, such as different decision parameters and minimum error function (J). Subsequently, to obtain the optimally tuned controllers’ parameters, a recently developed yellow saddle goatfish technique (YSGA) is leveraged. In this study, the comparative effect of time delay, interline power flow controller (IPFC) and GCSC scheme have been analyzed under real time wind data in IµPS. Further, a meticulous sensitivity assessment of YSGA tuned PFIFD controller is performed under different uncertainties. The improved results show that the recommended YSGA-based PFIFD controller offers a wonderful improvement in system frequency stability under a variety of situations, including system uncertainties, physical constraints, and significant renewables penetration. Finally, real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation platform is utilized to validate the proposed control approach.