Conclusions

The current awareness in UAVs has prompted not only military applications but also civilian uses. Aerial vehicles’ requirements aspire to guarantee a higher level of safety comparable to see-and-avoid conditions for piloted aeroplanes. The process of probing obstacles in the path of a vehicle, and to determine if they pose a threat, alongside measures to avoid problems, is known as see-and-avoid or sense and-avoid involves a great deal of decision-making. Other types of decisionmaking tasks can be accomplished using computer vision and sensor integration since they have great potential to improve the performance of UAVs. Macroscopically, Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) are cyber-physical systems (CPSs) that can benefit from all types of sensing frameworks, despite severe design constraints such as precision, reliable communication, distributed processing capabilities, and data management.