Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Modeling in Membrane-Based Desalination Technologies

One solution to the water scarcity problem is membrane-based desalination technologies. However, these technologies still need further improvement. Modeling tools are helpful in this regard to investigate and enhance the transport phenomena through the membrane or within the module flow channels. Various simulation tools, which depend on specific time and spatial scales of the target system domain, have been used to model membrane processes. Simultaneous solution of the governing conservation equations while considering the irregularities in a model geometry yields the local velocity, temperature, and concentration values. Process development and scale-up strategies are performed for novel membrane module designs in desalination field via Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools. The aim of this chapter is to provide a review of the implementation of the CFD modeling method in membrane-based desalination processes such as reverse osmosis, membrane distillation, forward osmosis, electrodialysis, and electrodialysis reversal. For this purpose, conventional modeling approaches, CFD modeling tools and the application of the CFD tools in selected membrane desalination technologies will be summarized. The governing model equations, which are used to investigate the transport phenomena, will be briefly explained. Additionally, the limitations, current and future trends of CFD models in membrane desalination processes will be emphasized.