TY - JOUR
T1 - Commercial airline single-pilot operations
T2 - System design and pathways to certification
AU - Lim, Yixiang
AU - Bassien-Capsa, Vincent
AU - Ramasamy, Subramanian
AU - Liu, Jing
AU - Sabatini, Roberto
N1 - Funding Information:
The following section provides a review of current certifications, acceptable means of compliance (AMC), guidance materials (GM) and recommended practices applicable to SPO. The material is sourced from national/international organizations such as the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), Federal Aviation Authority (FAA), European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), Civil Aviation Authorities (CAA) from Australia, the UK and New Zealand, the US Department of Defence (DOD) and the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA). References are also made to standards from Aeronautical Radio Incorporated (ARINC), American Society of the International Association for Testing and Materials (ASTM), Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA), Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), and NATO Standardization Agreements (STANAGs). The content is divided into three operational categories, namely conventional two-pilot operations, SPO, and RPAS operations. Each category provides a different aspect of certification, which is relevant to the certification of SPO for commercial airliners (Figure 4).
Publisher Copyright:
© 1986-2012 IEEE.
PY - 2017/7
Y1 - 2017/7
N2 - Global air transport demand is increasing steadily, with the global revenue passenger kilometers (RPK) growing at an annual rate of 4% [1] and the number of passengers rising at an average annual rate of 10.6% [2]. By the end of 2016, it is estimated that 1,420 large commercial airliners will be produced, 40.5% more than was produced five years ago [2]. A consequence of this growth is an exacerbation of the existing global shortage of qualified pilots. Airlines have to hire more than 500,000 new commercial pilots until 2034 in order to meet this unprecedented air transport demand [3]. Additionally, the high costs associated with training and remuneration of pilots has been a substantial economic burden on air carriers, prompting active research into the concept of single-pilot operations (SPO) as an option for the future evolution of commercial airliners. SPO cockpits have already been developed for military fighters as well as general aviation (GA) aircraft, with small business jets like the Cessna Citation I obtaining approval for SPO as early as 1977 [4], however, the last decade has seen considerable interest in the implementation of SPO in commercial aviation. NASA has been conducting SPO-related studies since the mid-2000s [5], [6], while some recent research in Europe has focused on the technical [7] and operational [8] challenges of SPO. In the SPO concept of operations (Figure 1), a single pilot operates the flight deck with increased ground support from a dedicated ground human flight crew. The ground operators (GO) fulfil a role similar to that of a remotely piloted aircraft system (RPAS) operator, providing a combination of strategic and tactical support to the single pilot in collaboration with the air traffic controllers (ATCo).
AB - Global air transport demand is increasing steadily, with the global revenue passenger kilometers (RPK) growing at an annual rate of 4% [1] and the number of passengers rising at an average annual rate of 10.6% [2]. By the end of 2016, it is estimated that 1,420 large commercial airliners will be produced, 40.5% more than was produced five years ago [2]. A consequence of this growth is an exacerbation of the existing global shortage of qualified pilots. Airlines have to hire more than 500,000 new commercial pilots until 2034 in order to meet this unprecedented air transport demand [3]. Additionally, the high costs associated with training and remuneration of pilots has been a substantial economic burden on air carriers, prompting active research into the concept of single-pilot operations (SPO) as an option for the future evolution of commercial airliners. SPO cockpits have already been developed for military fighters as well as general aviation (GA) aircraft, with small business jets like the Cessna Citation I obtaining approval for SPO as early as 1977 [4], however, the last decade has seen considerable interest in the implementation of SPO in commercial aviation. NASA has been conducting SPO-related studies since the mid-2000s [5], [6], while some recent research in Europe has focused on the technical [7] and operational [8] challenges of SPO. In the SPO concept of operations (Figure 1), a single pilot operates the flight deck with increased ground support from a dedicated ground human flight crew. The ground operators (GO) fulfil a role similar to that of a remotely piloted aircraft system (RPAS) operator, providing a combination of strategic and tactical support to the single pilot in collaboration with the air traffic controllers (ATCo).
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85030542902&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/MAES.2017.160175
DO - 10.1109/MAES.2017.160175
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85030542902
SN - 0885-8985
VL - 32
SP - 4
EP - 21
JO - IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine
JF - IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine
IS - 7
M1 - 8039185
ER -