@article{8ca48dc0cda846c982787942ff73f9ee,
title = "Cigarette smoking and all-cause mortality in rural Chinese male adults: 15-year follow-up of the Anqing cohort study",
abstract = "Background: According to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017, smoking is one of the leading four risk factors contributing to deaths in China. We aimed to evaluate the associations of smoking with all-cause mortality in a Chinese rural population. Methods: Male participants over age 45 (n = 5367) from a large familial aggregation study in rural China, were included in the current analyses. A total of 528 former smokers and 3849 current smokers accounted for 10 and 71.7% of the cohort, respectively. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to evaluate the association between baseline smoking status and mortality, adjusting for pertinent covariates. Results: There were 579 recorded deaths during the 15-year follow-up. Current smokers (odds ratio [OR],1.60; 95% CI,1.23–2.08) had higher all-cause mortality risks than nonsmokers. Relative to nonsmokers, current smokers of more than 40 pack-years ([OR],1.85; 95% CI,1.33–2.56) had a higher all-cause mortality risk. Compared to nonsmokers, current smokers who started smoking before age 20 ([OR],1.91; 95% CI,1.43–2.54) had a higher all-cause mortality risk, and former smokers in the lower pack-year group who quit after age 41 (median) ([OR],3.19; 95% CI,1.83–5.56) also had a higher risk of death after adjustment. Furthermore, former smokers who were also former drinkers had the highest significant risk of mortality than never smokers or drinkers. (P for interaction = 0.034). Conclusions: This study provides evidence that current smokers and former smokers have a higher mortality risk than nonsmokers and would benefit from cessation at a younger age.",
keywords = "Chinese rural area, Mortality, Smoking status",
author = "Lijing Ye and Jie Yang and Jingyi Li and Nannan Cheng and Yue Zhang and Xiaofan Lu and Ziyi Zhou and Zhuo Wang and Lishun Liu and Xiao Huang and Yun Song and Shibo Xing and Dongqing Wang and Junnong Li and Binyan Wang and Genfu Tang and Xianhui Qin and Pierre Zalloua and Huisheng Zhang and Fangrong Yan and Xiping Xu",
note = "Funding Information: The study was supported by funding from the following: the National Key Research and Development Program [2016YFE0205400, 2018ZX09739010, 2018ZX09301034003]; the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong [2020B121202010]; the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou [201707020010]; the Science, Technology and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen [GJHS20170314114526143, JSGG20180703155802047]; the Economic, Trade and Information Commission of Shenzhen Municipality [20170505161556110, 20170505160926390, 201705051617070]; the National Natural Science Foundation of China [81730019, 81973133, 81960074, 81500233]; Jiangxi Outstanding Person Foundation [20192BCBL23024] and the Major projects of the Science and Technology Department, Jiangxi [20171BAB205008]. The funding bodies had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis and interpretation, and in the writing of the manuscript or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Funding Information: Dr. Xianhui Qin reports grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [81730019, 81973133]. Funding Information: Dr. Xiping Xu reports grants from the National Key Research and Development Program [2016YFE0205400, 2018ZX09739010, 2018ZX09301034003], the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong [2020B121202010]; the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou [201707020010], the Science, Technology and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen [GJHS20170314114526143, JSGG20180703155802047], and the Economic, Trade and Information Commission of Shenzhen Municipality [20170505161556110, 20170505160926390, 201705051617070]. Funding Information: Dr. Xiao Huang reports grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [81960074, 81500233], the Jiangxi Outstanding Person Foundation [20192BCBL23024], and Major Projects of the Science and Technology Department, Jiangxi [20171BAB205008]. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, The Author(s).",
year = "2021",
month = dec,
doi = "10.1186/s12889-021-10691-2",
language = "British English",
volume = "21",
journal = "BMC Public Health",
issn = "1471-2458",
publisher = "BioMed Central Ltd.",
number = "1",
}