Carbene-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes and their electrical properties

Pure metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes (m-SWCNTs) are very desirable for many electrode and interconnecting applications. However, the lack of reliable processing techniques to sort m-SWCNTs from the as-synthesized SWCNT samples is an obstacle to these applications. The effects of carbene-based covalent functionalization on the electrical properties of an isolated m-SWCNT, a semiconducting (s)-SWCNT, and a mixture network of both m- and s-SWCNTs are reported. For the first time, a semiconducting-to-metallic SWCNT transition upon dichlorocarbene functionalization is observed. Interestingly, the transition is reversible upon thermal annealing under ambient conditions. The electrical properties of m-SWCNTs remain largely unaffected whereas the on-state conductivity of s-SWCNTs is greatly reduced by this process, in agreement with the relevant theoretical predictions. These findings could pave the way for fabricating large-scale SWCNT-based interconnects and electrodes in full-carbon integrated circuits. Dichlorocarbene groups covalently attach onto the sidewalls of isolated semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs), metallic SWCNTs (m-SWNTs), and network SWCNTs. A reversible s- to m-SWCNT transition is observed by both Raman scattering and electrical measurements. The electrical properties of m-SWCNTs remain largely unaffected, whereas the on-state conductivity of s-SWCNTs is greatly reduced by this process, in agreement with theoretical predictions.