Calibration of the LOFAR antennas

J. R. Hörandel; S. Buitink; A. Corstanje; J. E. Enriquez; H. Falcke; T. Karskens; M. Krause; A. Nelles; J. P. Rachen; L. Rossetto; P. Schellart; O. Scholten; S. Ter Veen; S. Thoudam; T. N.G. Trinh

Calibration of the LOFAR antennas

J. R. Hörandel, S. Buitink, A. Corstanje, J. E. Enriquez, H. Falcke, T. Karskens, M. Krause, A. Nelles, J. P. Rachen, L. Rossetto, P. Schellart, O. Scholten, S. Ter Veen, S. Thoudam, T. N.G. Trinh

Physics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Conference article › peer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

Extensive air showers create short nanosecond-scale pulses in the radio frequencies. These pulses have been measured successfully in the past years at the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR). Due to the short duration and emission of the signal in the atmosphere, methods based on flux calibration of known sources as used in radio astronomical observations cannot be applied to establish an absolute calibration. To overcome this, we present three approaches that were used to check and improve the antenna model of LOFAR, and to provide an absolute calibration for air shower measurements. Two include the calibration with made-made sources, while one is using the Galactic radio emission. A source has been used that allows the cross-calibration of LOPES, Tunka-Rex and LOFAR. In future work these results can be used as an absolute scale for measurements of astronomical transients with LOFAR.

Original language	British English
Article number	662
Journal	Proceedings of Science
Volume	30-July-2015
State	Published - 2015
Event	34th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2015 - The Hague, Netherlands Duration: 30 Jul 2015 → 6 Aug 2015

Cite this

@article{98485e0544954388b0522b9bfc01865b,

title = "Calibration of the LOFAR antennas",

abstract = "Extensive air showers create short nanosecond-scale pulses in the radio frequencies. These pulses have been measured successfully in the past years at the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR). Due to the short duration and emission of the signal in the atmosphere, methods based on flux calibration of known sources as used in radio astronomical observations cannot be applied to establish an absolute calibration. To overcome this, we present three approaches that were used to check and improve the antenna model of LOFAR, and to provide an absolute calibration for air shower measurements. Two include the calibration with made-made sources, while one is using the Galactic radio emission. A source has been used that allows the cross-calibration of LOPES, Tunka-Rex and LOFAR. In future work these results can be used as an absolute scale for measurements of astronomical transients with LOFAR.",

author = "H{\"o}randel, {J. R.} and S. Buitink and A. Corstanje and Enriquez, {J. E.} and H. Falcke and T. Karskens and M. Krause and A. Nelles and Rachen, {J. P.} and L. Rossetto and P. Schellart and O. Scholten and {Ter Veen}, S. and S. Thoudam and Trinh, {T. N.G.}",

year = "2015",

language = "British English",

volume = "30-July-2015",

journal = "Proceedings of Science",

issn = "1824-8039",

publisher = "Sissa Medialab Srl",

note = "34th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2015 ; Conference date: 30-07-2015 Through 06-08-2015",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Calibration of the LOFAR antennas

AU - Hörandel, J. R.

AU - Buitink, S.

AU - Corstanje, A.

AU - Enriquez, J. E.

AU - Falcke, H.

AU - Karskens, T.

AU - Krause, M.

AU - Nelles, A.

AU - Rachen, J. P.

AU - Rossetto, L.

AU - Schellart, P.

AU - Scholten, O.

AU - Ter Veen, S.

AU - Thoudam, S.

AU - Trinh, T. N.G.

PY - 2015

Y1 - 2015

N2 - Extensive air showers create short nanosecond-scale pulses in the radio frequencies. These pulses have been measured successfully in the past years at the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR). Due to the short duration and emission of the signal in the atmosphere, methods based on flux calibration of known sources as used in radio astronomical observations cannot be applied to establish an absolute calibration. To overcome this, we present three approaches that were used to check and improve the antenna model of LOFAR, and to provide an absolute calibration for air shower measurements. Two include the calibration with made-made sources, while one is using the Galactic radio emission. A source has been used that allows the cross-calibration of LOPES, Tunka-Rex and LOFAR. In future work these results can be used as an absolute scale for measurements of astronomical transients with LOFAR.

AB - Extensive air showers create short nanosecond-scale pulses in the radio frequencies. These pulses have been measured successfully in the past years at the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR). Due to the short duration and emission of the signal in the atmosphere, methods based on flux calibration of known sources as used in radio astronomical observations cannot be applied to establish an absolute calibration. To overcome this, we present three approaches that were used to check and improve the antenna model of LOFAR, and to provide an absolute calibration for air shower measurements. Two include the calibration with made-made sources, while one is using the Galactic radio emission. A source has been used that allows the cross-calibration of LOPES, Tunka-Rex and LOFAR. In future work these results can be used as an absolute scale for measurements of astronomical transients with LOFAR.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84988712452&partnerID=8YFLogxK

M3 - Conference article

AN - SCOPUS:84988712452

SN - 1824-8039

VL - 30-July-2015

JO - Proceedings of Science

JF - Proceedings of Science

M1 - 662

T2 - 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2015

Y2 - 30 July 2015 through 6 August 2015

ER -

Calibration of the LOFAR antennas

Abstract

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this