TY - JOUR
T1 - Brain targeting with docosahexaenoic acid as a prospective therapy for neurodegenerative diseases and its passage across blood brain barrier
AU - Hachem, Mayssa
AU - Belkouch, Mounir
AU - Lo Van, Amanda
AU - Picq, Madeleine
AU - Bernoud-Hubac, Nathalie
AU - Lagarde, Michel
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by grants from National Institute of Applied Sciences-Lyon and National Institute for Health and Medical Research .
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM)
PY - 2020/3
Y1 - 2020/3
N2 - Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) is the main omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in brain tissues necessary for common brain growth and function. DHA can be provided to the body through two origins: an exogenous origin, from direct dietary intakes and an endogenous one, from the bioconversion of the essential α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) in the liver. In humans, the biosynthesis of DHA from its precursor ALA is very low. A reduction in the cerebral amount of DHA is detected in patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Considering the vital functions of DHA for the brain, new methodologies to target the brain with DHA offers encouraging perceptions in the improvement of precautionary and therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of the present review was to provide better understanding of the cerebral uptake of DHA in different form including free fatty acids, Lysophosphatidylcholines LysoPC-DHA as well as structured phospholipids. First, we explored the special structure of the blood-brain barrier BBB, BBB being a physical and metabolic barrier with restrictive properties. Then, we discussed the incorporation of DHA into the membrane phospholipids of the brain, the neuroprotective and therapeutic effect of DHA for neurological diseases.
AB - Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) is the main omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in brain tissues necessary for common brain growth and function. DHA can be provided to the body through two origins: an exogenous origin, from direct dietary intakes and an endogenous one, from the bioconversion of the essential α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) in the liver. In humans, the biosynthesis of DHA from its precursor ALA is very low. A reduction in the cerebral amount of DHA is detected in patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Considering the vital functions of DHA for the brain, new methodologies to target the brain with DHA offers encouraging perceptions in the improvement of precautionary and therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of the present review was to provide better understanding of the cerebral uptake of DHA in different form including free fatty acids, Lysophosphatidylcholines LysoPC-DHA as well as structured phospholipids. First, we explored the special structure of the blood-brain barrier BBB, BBB being a physical and metabolic barrier with restrictive properties. Then, we discussed the incorporation of DHA into the membrane phospholipids of the brain, the neuroprotective and therapeutic effect of DHA for neurological diseases.
KW - Blood-brain barrier
KW - Docosahexaenoic acid
KW - Lysophosphatidylcholine
KW - Structured phospholipids
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85078861831&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.01.013
DO - 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.01.013
M3 - Review article
C2 - 32014503
AN - SCOPUS:85078861831
SN - 0300-9084
VL - 170
SP - 203
EP - 211
JO - Biochimie
JF - Biochimie
ER -