TY - JOUR
T1 - Blockchain for Waste Management in Smart Cities
T2 - A Survey
AU - Ahmad, Raja Wasim
AU - Salah, Khaled
AU - Jayaraman, Raja
AU - Yaqoob, Ibrar
AU - Omar, Mohammed
N1 - Funding Information:
This publication is based upon work supported by the Khalifa University of Science and Technology under Awards No. CIRA-2019-001 and RCII-2019-002-Center for Digital Supply Chain and Operations Management.
Funding Information:
This publication is based upon work supported by the Khalifa University of Science and Technology under Awards No. CIRA-2019-001 and RCII-2019-002–Center for Digital Supply Chain and Operations Management.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2013 IEEE.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Smart cities have the potential to overcome environmental problems caused by improper waste disposal by improving human health, protecting the aquatic ecosystem, and reducing air pollution. However, today's systems, approaches, and technologies leveraged for waste management are manual and centralized. This fact makes them vulnerable to manipulation and the single point of failure problem. Also, a large portion of the existing waste management systems within smart cities fall short in providing operational transparency, traceability, audit, security, and trusted data provenance features. In this paper, we explore the key role of blockchain technology in managing waste within smart cities as it can offer traceability, immutability, transparency, and audit features in a decentralized, trusted, and secure manner. We discuss the opportunities brought about by blockchain technology in various waste management use cases and application scenarios, including real-time tracing and tracking of waste, reliable channelization and compliance with waste treatment laws, efficient waste resources management, protection of waste management documentation, and fleet management. We introduce a framework that leverages blockchain-based smart contracts to automate the key services in terms of waste management of smart cities. We compare the existing blockchain-based waste management solutions based on important parameters. Furthermore, we present insightful discussions on several ongoing blockchain-based research projects and case studies to highlight the practicability of blockchain in waste management. Finally, we present open challenges that act as future research directions.
AB - Smart cities have the potential to overcome environmental problems caused by improper waste disposal by improving human health, protecting the aquatic ecosystem, and reducing air pollution. However, today's systems, approaches, and technologies leveraged for waste management are manual and centralized. This fact makes them vulnerable to manipulation and the single point of failure problem. Also, a large portion of the existing waste management systems within smart cities fall short in providing operational transparency, traceability, audit, security, and trusted data provenance features. In this paper, we explore the key role of blockchain technology in managing waste within smart cities as it can offer traceability, immutability, transparency, and audit features in a decentralized, trusted, and secure manner. We discuss the opportunities brought about by blockchain technology in various waste management use cases and application scenarios, including real-time tracing and tracking of waste, reliable channelization and compliance with waste treatment laws, efficient waste resources management, protection of waste management documentation, and fleet management. We introduce a framework that leverages blockchain-based smart contracts to automate the key services in terms of waste management of smart cities. We compare the existing blockchain-based waste management solutions based on important parameters. Furthermore, we present insightful discussions on several ongoing blockchain-based research projects and case studies to highlight the practicability of blockchain in waste management. Finally, we present open challenges that act as future research directions.
KW - Blockchain
KW - IoT
KW - security
KW - smart cities
KW - traceability
KW - waste management
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85115194507&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3113380
DO - 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3113380
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85115194507
SN - 2169-3536
VL - 9
SP - 131520
EP - 131541
JO - IEEE Access
JF - IEEE Access
ER -
