Blockchain-based Sustainability, Traceability, and Certification of Hydrogen Production

As the world transitions toward sustainable energy, hydrogen has emerged as a critical component in reducing carbon emissions and addressing climate change. However, ensuring the sustainability and traceability of hydrogen production remains a significant challenge due to the complexity of its life-cycle emissions and the lack of standardized verification mechanisms. This paper presents a blockchain application for hydrogen certification, designed to bolster the integrity, traceability, and security of hydrogen's life-cycle carbon emissions. By leveraging the inherent features of blockchain technology-decentralization, immutability, and transparency-our solution orchestrates a framework that verifies the sustainability of hydrogen production. We delve into the technical intricacies of Ethereum smart contracts (SCs) and propose an architecture that integrates stakeholders, smart meters, and oracles within a comprehensive system. The paper provides a meticulous exploration of the algorithms driving the certification process, which underscores our solution's alignment with international sustainability standards. Through detailed cost and security analyses, we affirm the practicality, security, and resilience of our proposed system. The paper concludes by showcasing the key findings of our proposed solution, along with generalization guidelines across various sustainability fields.