Biomimetic Approaches for Renewable Energy and Carbon Neutrality: Advancing Nature-Inspired Approaches for Sustainable Development

As global non-renewable energy sources depletes, achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 has become an urgent international priority, as outlined in the Paris Agreement. Renewable energy transition demands environmentally sustainable, economically viable, and energy-efficient innovations. Thus, biomimetic architecture, devices, structures, and materials, drawing design inspiration from natural systems, emerge as promising players in addressing energy and climate issues within urban environments. This review critically analyzes 126 publications on biomimetic research in sustainable energy (2010–2024), selected from 188 sources screened across major databases using targeted keywords. By integrating human ingenuity with natural systems, biomimetic approaches offer sustainable strategies for energy efficiency and climate resilience. However, significant challenges remain, including high investment prices, industrial change, and insufficient international collaboration, hence coordinated global efforts are needed to implement integrated policies, foster innovation, and enhance international cooperation in order to achieve carbon neutrality. Biomimetic approaches show significant potential for building a more sustainable and climate-resilient future.