Abstract
We sequenced the genomes of a ∼7,000-year-old farmer from Germany and eight ∼8,000-year-old hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analysed these and other ancient genomes1-4 with 2,345 contemporary humans to show that most present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; ancient north Eurasians related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians3, who contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and early European farmers, who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harboured west European hunter-gatherer related ancestry. We model these populations' deep relationships and show that early European farmers had ∼44% ancestry from a 'basal Eurasian' population that split before the diversification of other non-African lineages.
| Original language | British English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 409-413 |
| Number of pages | 5 |
| Journal | Nature |
| Volume | 513 |
| Issue number | 7518 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 18 Sep 2014 |
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In: Nature, Vol. 513, No. 7518, 18.09.2014, p. 409-413.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans
AU - Lazaridis, Iosif
AU - Patterson, Nick
AU - Mittnik, Alissa
AU - Renaud, Gabriel
AU - Mallick, Swapan
AU - Kirsanow, Karola
AU - Sudmant, Peter H.
AU - Schraiber, Joshua G.
AU - Castellano, Sergi
AU - Lipson, Mark
AU - Berger, Bonnie
AU - Economou, Christos
AU - Bollongino, Ruth
AU - Fu, Qiaomei
AU - Bos, Kirsten I.
AU - Nordenfelt, Susanne
AU - Li, Heng
AU - De Filippo, Cesare
AU - Prüfer, Kay
AU - Sawyer, Susanna
AU - Posth, Cosimo
AU - Haak, Wolfgang
AU - Hallgren, Fredrik
AU - Fornander, Elin
AU - Rohland, Nadin
AU - Delsate, Dominique
AU - Francken, Michael
AU - Guinet, Jean Michel
AU - Wahl, Joachim
AU - Ayodo, George
AU - Babiker, Hamza A.
AU - Bailliet, Graciela
AU - Balanovska, Elena
AU - Balanovsky, Oleg
AU - Barrantes, Ramiro
AU - Bedoya, Gabriel
AU - Ben-Ami, Haim
AU - Bene, Judit
AU - Berrada, Fouad
AU - Bravi, Claudio M.
AU - Brisighelli, Francesca
AU - Busby, George B.J.
AU - Cali, Francesco
AU - Churnosov, Mikhail
AU - Cole, David E.C.
AU - Corach, Daniel
AU - Damba, Larissa
AU - Van Driem, George
AU - Dryomov, Stanislav
AU - Dugoujon, Jean Michel
AU - Fedorova, Sardana A.
AU - Gallego Romero, Irene
AU - Gubina, Marina
AU - Hammer, Michael
AU - Henn, Brenna M.
AU - Hervig, Tor
AU - Hodoglugil, Ugur
AU - Jha, Aashish R.
AU - Karachanak-Yankova, Sena
AU - Khusainova, Rita
AU - Khusnutdinova, Elza
AU - Kittles, Rick
AU - Kivisild, Toomas
AU - Klitz, William
AU - Kučinskas, Vaidutis
AU - Kushniarevich, Alena
AU - Laredj, Leila
AU - Litvinov, Sergey
AU - Loukidis, Theologos
AU - Mahley, Robert W.
AU - Melegh, Béla
AU - Metspalu, Ene
AU - Molina, Julio
AU - Mountain, Joanna
AU - Näkkäläjärvi, Klemetti
AU - Nesheva, Desislava
AU - Nyambo, Thomas
AU - Osipova, Ludmila
AU - Parik, Jüri
AU - Platonov, Fedor
AU - Posukh, Olga
AU - Romano, Valentino
AU - Rothhammer, Francisco
AU - Rudan, Igor
AU - Ruizbakiev, Ruslan
AU - Sahakyan, Hovhannes
AU - Sajantila, Antti
AU - Salas, Antonio
AU - Starikovskaya, Elena B.
AU - Tarekegn, Ayele
AU - Toncheva, Draga
AU - Turdikulova, Shahlo
AU - Uktveryte, Ingrida
AU - Utevska, Olga
AU - Vasquez, René
AU - Villena, Mercedes
AU - Voevoda, Mikhail
AU - Winkler, Cheryl A.
AU - Yepiskoposyan, Levon
AU - Zalloua, Pierre
AU - Zemunik, Tatijana
AU - Cooper, Alan
AU - Capelli, Cristian
AU - Thomas, Mark G.
AU - Ruiz-Linares, Andres
AU - Tishkoff, Sarah A.
AU - Singh, Lalji
AU - Thangaraj, Kumarasamy
AU - Villems, Richard
AU - Comas, David
AU - Sukernik, Rem
AU - Metspalu, Mait
AU - Meyer, Matthias
AU - Eichler, Evan E.
AU - Burger, Joachim
AU - Slatkin, Montgomery
AU - Pääbo, Svante
AU - Kelso, Janet
AU - Reich, David
AU - Krause, Johannes
N1 - Funding Information: Acknowledgements We thank the 1,615 volunteers from 147 diverse populations who donated DNA samples and whose genetic data are newly reported in this study. We are grateful to C. Beall, N. Bradman, A. Gebremedhin, D. Labuda, M. Nelis and A. Di Rienzo for sharing DNA samples; to D. Weigel, C. Lanz, V. Schünemann, P. Bauer and O. Riess for support and access to DNA sequencing facilities; to P. Johnson for advice on contamination estimation; to G. Hellenthal for help with the ChromoPainter software; and to P. Skoglund for sharing graphics software. We thank K. Nordtvedt for alerting us to newly discovered Y-chromosome SNPs. We downloaded the POPRES data from dbGaP at (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gap/cgi-bin/study.cgi?study_ id5phs000145.v4.p2) through dbGaP accession number phs000145.v1.p2. We thank all the volunteers who donated DNA. We thank the staff of the Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina Trasfusionale, Azienda Ospedaliera Umberto I, Siracusa, Italy for assistance in sample collection; and The National Laboratory for the Genetics of Israeli Populations for facilitating access to DNA. We thank colleagues at the Applied Genomics at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, especially H. Hakonarson, C. Kim, K. Thomas, and C. Hou, for genotyping samples on the Human Origins array. J.Kr., A.M. and C.P. are grateful for support from DFG grant number KR 4015/1-1, the Carl-Zeiss Foundation and the Baden Württemberg Foundation. S.P., G.R., Q.F., C.F., K.P., S.C. and J.Ke. acknowledge support from the Presidential Innovation Fund of the Max Planck Society. G.R. was supported by an NSERC fellowship. J.G.S. acknowledges use of the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by NSF grant number OCI-1053575. E.B. and O.B. were supported by RFBR grants 13-06-00670, 13-04-01711, 13-04-90420 and by the Molecular and Cell Biology Programofthe Presidium,Russian AcademyofSciences.B.M.was supported bygrants OTKA 73430 and 103983. A.Saj. was supported by a Finnish Professorpool (Paulo Foundation) Grant. The Lithuanian sampling was supported by the LITGEN project (VP1-3.1-SˇMM-07-K-01-013), funded by the European Social Fund under the Global Grant Measure. A.S. was supported by Spanish grants SAF2011-26983 and EM 2012/ 045. O.U. was supported by Ukrainian SFFS grant F53.4/071. S.A.T. was supported by NIH Pioneer Award 8DP1ES022577-04 and NSF HOMINID award BCS-0827436. K.T. was supported by an Indian CSIR Network Project (GENESIS: BSC0121). L.S. was supported by an Indian CSIR Bhatnagar Fellowship. R.V., M.M., J.P. and E.M. were supported by the European Union Regional Development Fund through the Centre of Excellence in Genomics to the Estonian Biocentre and University of Tartu and by an Estonian Basic Research grant SF0270177As08. M.M. was additionally supported by Estonian Science Foundation grant number 8973. J.G.S. and M.S. were supported by NIH grant GM40282. P.H.S. and E.E.E. were supported by NIH grants HG004120 and HG002385. D.R. and N.P. were supported by NSF HOMINID award BCS-1032255 and NIH grant GM100233. D.R. and E.E.E. are Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigators. This project has been funded in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under contract HHSN26120080001E. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government. This Research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research. Publisher Copyright: ©2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
PY - 2014/9/18
Y1 - 2014/9/18
N2 - We sequenced the genomes of a ∼7,000-year-old farmer from Germany and eight ∼8,000-year-old hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analysed these and other ancient genomes1-4 with 2,345 contemporary humans to show that most present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; ancient north Eurasians related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians3, who contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and early European farmers, who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harboured west European hunter-gatherer related ancestry. We model these populations' deep relationships and show that early European farmers had ∼44% ancestry from a 'basal Eurasian' population that split before the diversification of other non-African lineages.
AB - We sequenced the genomes of a ∼7,000-year-old farmer from Germany and eight ∼8,000-year-old hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analysed these and other ancient genomes1-4 with 2,345 contemporary humans to show that most present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; ancient north Eurasians related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians3, who contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and early European farmers, who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harboured west European hunter-gatherer related ancestry. We model these populations' deep relationships and show that early European farmers had ∼44% ancestry from a 'basal Eurasian' population that split before the diversification of other non-African lineages.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84907803675
U2 - 10.1038/nature13673
DO - 10.1038/nature13673
M3 - Article
C2 - 25230663
AN - SCOPUS:84907803675
SN - 0028-0836
VL - 513
SP - 409
EP - 413
JO - Nature
JF - Nature
IS - 7518
ER -