Analysis of GOA optimized two-stage controller for frequency regulation of grid integrated virtual power plant

Renewable energy has been employed to reduce greenhouse emissions and global warming. VPP is an example of renewable energy integration technology that enables users to tap into unlimited renewable energy supplies while reducing their reliance on traditional power sources. This research looks at a synchronized control grid integrated VPP with parabolic trough solar collector thermal system (PTSCTS), a wind generator (WG), and an electric vehicle (EV). An active power control strategy on an interconnected microgrid in revised form is attempted taking into consideration the communication delay. The proportional integrator derivative (PID) and two-stage (PI)-(1+PD) controllers are used in the proposed control strategy. Firefly algorithm (FA), butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and recent Grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) have been used for optimizing the control parameters of the controllers. The analysis shows that the new GOA algorithm performs better in terms of control strategy than other optimization tools such as FA, BOA, and PSO. The sensitivity analysis of the proposed controller under different conditions has been done, and it has been explored that the proposed Two-stage PI-(1 + PD) controller parameters are very robust in dealing with the parametric variations of the integrated VPP model.