An open access database for the evaluation of heart sound algorithms

Chengyu Liu, David Springer, Qiao Li, Benjamin Moody, Ricardo Abad Juan, Francisco J. Chorro, Francisco Castells, José Millet Roig, Ikaro Silva, Alistair E.W. Johnson, Zeeshan Syed, Samuel E. Schmidt, Chrysa D. Papadaniil, Leontios Hadjileontiadis, Hosein Naseri, Ali Moukadem, Alain Dieterlen, Christian Brandt, Hong Tang, Maryam SamieinasabMohammad Reza Samieinasab, Reza Sameni, Roger G. Mark, Gari D. Clifford

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

559 Scopus citations

Abstract

In the past few decades, analysis of heart sound signals (i.e. the phonocardiogram or PCG), especially for automated heart sound segmentation and classification, has been widely studied and has been reported to have the potential value to detect pathology accurately in clinical applications. However, comparative analyses of algorithms in the literature have been hindered by the lack of high-quality, rigorously validated, and standardized open databases of heart sound recordings. This paper describes a public heart sound database, assembled for an international competition, the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology (CinC) Challenge 2016. The archive comprises nine different heart sound databases sourced from multiple research groups around the world. It includes 2435 heart sound recordings in total collected from 1297 healthy subjects and patients with a variety of conditions, including heart valve disease and coronary artery disease. The recordings were collected from a variety of clinical or nonclinical (such as in-home visits) environments and equipment. The length of recording varied from several seconds to several minutes. This article reports detailed information about the subjects/patients including demographics (number, age, gender), recordings (number, location, state and time length), associated synchronously recorded signals, sampling frequency and sensor type used. We also provide a brief summary of the commonly used heart sound segmentation and classification methods, including open source code provided concurrently for the Challenge. A description of the PhysioNet/CinC Challenge 2016, including the main aims, the training and test sets, the hand corrected annotations for different heart sound states, the scoring mechanism, and associated open source code are provided. In addition, several potential benefits from the public heart sound database are discussed.

Original languageBritish English
Pages (from-to)2181-2213
Number of pages33
JournalPhysiological Measurement
Volume37
Issue number12
DOIs
StatePublished - 21 Nov 2016

Keywords

  • database
  • heart sound
  • heart sound classification
  • heart sound segmentation
  • phonocardiogram (PCG)
  • PhysioNet/CinC Challenge

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