Advancements in metal-organic framework synthesis and their role in enhancing perovskite and organic solar cells

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently attracted significant interest due to their unique properties, such as high specific surface area, nanoporous structures, and versatile chemical and physical characteristics. These attributes make MOFs highly promising for optoelectronic applications, especially in solar cell research. Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) and Organic Solar Cells (OSCs) offer several advantages, including low-cost production, flexibility, and the potential for high efficiency. However, a major limitation of these solar cells is their stability, which affects their long-term performance and commercial viability. This review paper delves into the latest advancements in MOF synthesis and their applications in how MOFs enhance the efficiency and stability of PSCs and OSCs. It analyzes the relationship between MOFs' structure, properties, and their derivatives for energy conversion applications. MOFs have been utilized to address these stability issues by serving in various capacities, including electron and hole transport layers, additional interlayers, and hybrid perovskite/MOF structures. This review serves as a comprehensive resource for those interested in MOFs and their energy conversion applications.