A review on in-plane ordered MXenes-based materials in addressing challenges faced by biosensor applications

In-plane ordered MXenes have emerged as a promising class of two-dimensional materials with remarkable potential for biosensing applications. Their exceptional electrical conductivity, tunable surface chemistry, mechanical robustness, and biocompatibility make them highly suitable for detecting a wide range of biomolecules and environmental contaminants. This review comprehensively explores the synthesis strategies, stability, and functionalization approaches of in-plane ordered MXenes, emphasizing their role in electrochemical, optical, and capacitive biosensing platforms. Key biosensing mechanisms, including charge transfer, signal transduction, and biomolecular interactions, are discussed to highlight their impact on sensor performance. Furthermore, the integration of MXenes into wearable and flexible biosensors, point-of-care diagnostic devices, and environmental monitoring systems is examined, showcasing their real-world applicability. Despite their significant advantages, challenges related to stability, large-scale synthesis, and biocompatibility remain critical for their widespread adoption. Future research directions, including AI-driven sensor optimization, multi-modal detection strategies, and hybrid material integration, are also outlined. With continued advancements, MXene-based biosensors are poised to revolutionize the field of biomedical diagnostics and environmental sensing, paving the way for next-generation high-performance sensing technologies.