A new processing route for cleaner production of biodiesel fuel using a choline chloride based deep eutectic solvent

Adeeb Hayyan; Mohd Ali Hashim; Maan Hayyan; Farouq S. Mjalli; Inas M. Alnashef

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.08.031

A new processing route for cleaner production of biodiesel fuel using a choline chloride based deep eutectic solvent

Adeeb Hayyan, Mohd Ali Hashim, Maan Hayyan, Farouq S. Mjalli, Inas M. Alnashef

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

134 Scopus citations

Abstract

In this study, the free fatty acids (FFA) content in acidic crude palm oil (ACPO) was converted to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) using a choline chloride based deep eutectic solvent (ChCl-DES) for the first time. This DES is composed of a mixture of a hydrogen bond donor (i.e. p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate) and a salt (i.e. choline chloride). The pre-treatment esterification stage involved the use of ChCl-DES. A dosage of 0.75 mass ratio of ChCl-DES to ACPO resulted in reducing the FFA of ACPO from 9.00% to less than 1%. The molar ratio of methanol to oil was 10:1 (methanol to oil), at a temperature of 60 C and within 30 min reaction time. Three recycling runs of ChCl-DES were achieved without significant loss in its activity. The yield of the final product after the alkaline transesterification was 92 wt% with 0.07% FFA and FAME content 96 mol%. All other properties have met the international standard specifications for biodiesel quality. The ChCl-DES can be used as a pre-treatment catalyst for a wide range of waste and acidic oils.

Original language	British English
Pages (from-to)	246-251
Number of pages	6
Journal	Journal of Cleaner Production
Volume	65
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.08.031
State	Published - 15 Feb 2014

Keywords

Biodiesel
Choline chloride
Deep eutectic solvent
Esterification
Free fatty acids
p-Toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.08.031

Cite this

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title = "A new processing route for cleaner production of biodiesel fuel using a choline chloride based deep eutectic solvent",

abstract = "In this study, the free fatty acids (FFA) content in acidic crude palm oil (ACPO) was converted to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) using a choline chloride based deep eutectic solvent (ChCl-DES) for the first time. This DES is composed of a mixture of a hydrogen bond donor (i.e. p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate) and a salt (i.e. choline chloride). The pre-treatment esterification stage involved the use of ChCl-DES. A dosage of 0.75 mass ratio of ChCl-DES to ACPO resulted in reducing the FFA of ACPO from 9.00% to less than 1%. The molar ratio of methanol to oil was 10:1 (methanol to oil), at a temperature of 60 C and within 30 min reaction time. Three recycling runs of ChCl-DES were achieved without significant loss in its activity. The yield of the final product after the alkaline transesterification was 92 wt% with 0.07% FFA and FAME content 96 mol%. All other properties have met the international standard specifications for biodiesel quality. The ChCl-DES can be used as a pre-treatment catalyst for a wide range of waste and acidic oils.",

keywords = "Biodiesel, Choline chloride, Deep eutectic solvent, Esterification, Free fatty acids, p-Toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate",

author = "Adeeb Hayyan and Hashim, {Mohd Ali} and Maan Hayyan and Mjalli, {Farouq S.} and Alnashef, {Inas M.}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors would like to express their thanks to University of Malaya HIR-MOHE (D000003-16001), University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL) , the Bright Sparks Program, Institute of Research Management and Monitoring (IPPP) (PG143-2012B) at University of Malaya , and the National Plan for Science, Technology, and Innovation at King Saud University (10-ENV1315-02), and to Sultan Qaboos University for their support to this research.",

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T1 - A new processing route for cleaner production of biodiesel fuel using a choline chloride based deep eutectic solvent

AU - Hayyan, Adeeb

AU - Hashim, Mohd Ali

AU - Hayyan, Maan

AU - Mjalli, Farouq S.

AU - Alnashef, Inas M.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors would like to express their thanks to University of Malaya HIR-MOHE (D000003-16001), University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL) , the Bright Sparks Program, Institute of Research Management and Monitoring (IPPP) (PG143-2012B) at University of Malaya , and the National Plan for Science, Technology, and Innovation at King Saud University (10-ENV1315-02), and to Sultan Qaboos University for their support to this research.

PY - 2014/2/15

Y1 - 2014/2/15

N2 - In this study, the free fatty acids (FFA) content in acidic crude palm oil (ACPO) was converted to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) using a choline chloride based deep eutectic solvent (ChCl-DES) for the first time. This DES is composed of a mixture of a hydrogen bond donor (i.e. p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate) and a salt (i.e. choline chloride). The pre-treatment esterification stage involved the use of ChCl-DES. A dosage of 0.75 mass ratio of ChCl-DES to ACPO resulted in reducing the FFA of ACPO from 9.00% to less than 1%. The molar ratio of methanol to oil was 10:1 (methanol to oil), at a temperature of 60 C and within 30 min reaction time. Three recycling runs of ChCl-DES were achieved without significant loss in its activity. The yield of the final product after the alkaline transesterification was 92 wt% with 0.07% FFA and FAME content 96 mol%. All other properties have met the international standard specifications for biodiesel quality. The ChCl-DES can be used as a pre-treatment catalyst for a wide range of waste and acidic oils.

AB - In this study, the free fatty acids (FFA) content in acidic crude palm oil (ACPO) was converted to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) using a choline chloride based deep eutectic solvent (ChCl-DES) for the first time. This DES is composed of a mixture of a hydrogen bond donor (i.e. p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate) and a salt (i.e. choline chloride). The pre-treatment esterification stage involved the use of ChCl-DES. A dosage of 0.75 mass ratio of ChCl-DES to ACPO resulted in reducing the FFA of ACPO from 9.00% to less than 1%. The molar ratio of methanol to oil was 10:1 (methanol to oil), at a temperature of 60 C and within 30 min reaction time. Three recycling runs of ChCl-DES were achieved without significant loss in its activity. The yield of the final product after the alkaline transesterification was 92 wt% with 0.07% FFA and FAME content 96 mol%. All other properties have met the international standard specifications for biodiesel quality. The ChCl-DES can be used as a pre-treatment catalyst for a wide range of waste and acidic oils.

KW - Biodiesel

KW - Choline chloride

KW - Deep eutectic solvent

KW - Esterification

KW - Free fatty acids

KW - p-Toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate

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U2 - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.08.031

DO - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.08.031

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84893561266

SN - 0959-6526

VL - 65

SP - 246

EP - 251

JO - Journal of Cleaner Production

JF - Journal of Cleaner Production

ER -

A new processing route for cleaner production of biodiesel fuel using a choline chloride based deep eutectic solvent

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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