@inproceedings{3fe7e95e72434f11b808b8ffe33c661b,
title = "A New Index of Power System Flexibility: Response Delay (θ) of Distributed Devices",
abstract = "Power system flexibility consists of three indices: Ramping capability limit (ρ), power capacity (π), and energy capacity. The existing research body neglects the effect of demand response (DR) units' action delay time, and its effect on the system's contingency response. This paper proposes a fourth flexibility index, the Response Time Delay, denoted as (θ), and investigates the isolated effect of this factor on the system. A novel extension on the security constrained optimal power flow formulation is presented in this paper, to explicitly model DR unit's response delay time. The value of the response delay (θ) on the system's operation cost is determined. Making this information available to Virtual Power Plants (VPP) and aggregators empowers management of demand distributed generation profiles, market design for ancillary services, and policy making for aggregators. It also supports making better investments decisions for all stakeholders. The proposed formulation is tested on a modified version of the IEEE14-bus system with DR units having different response characteristics. DR units yield a decrease in secure energy price, total system operation cost and up-reserve. On the other hand, DR units raise the price of down-reserve.",
keywords = "Demand Response, DG, dispatchable load, flexibility indices, response delay, response time, responsive load",
author = "Baraa Mohandes and {El Moursi}, {Mohamed Shawky} and {El Khatib}, Sameh",
note = "Funding Information: VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This publication is supported by the CIRA Project-2018-37, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 IEEE.; 2nd International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies, SEST 2019 ; Conference date: 09-09-2019 Through 11-09-2019",
year = "2019",
month = sep,
doi = "10.1109/SEST.2019.8849013",
language = "British English",
series = "SEST 2019 - 2nd International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",
booktitle = "SEST 2019 - 2nd International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies",
address = "United States",
}