A critical review on the charging and transport dynamics of atmospheric radioactive aerosols: Fundamentals and advances

Upon the release of natural or anthropogenic radionuclides into the atmosphere, dispersion models are relied on to predict their spread range and fallout field. The accurate prediction of the transport and deposition of atmospheric radioactive aerosols involves several highly coupled, multi-physical processes. This work systematically covers the physical principles governing the transport dynamics, deposition rates, charge evolution, radioactive decay, and coagulation mechanisms of atmospheric radioactive aerosols, particularly in hot, arid climates and during dust outbreaks. This is supplemented by a critical survey of state-of-the-art advances in the simulation of radioactive aerosol transport in the open atmosphere with special attention to the coupled effects between charge and transport. This work serves as a methodical reference to newcomers and an updated critique to experts looking to identify recent technical developments, pressing knowledge gaps, and future research priorities for better preparedness in the event of discharging radioactive particles to the atmosphere.