A cluster-based cooperative computation offloading scheme for C-V2X networks

The explosive growth of computation-intensive and delay-sensitive applications in vehicular edge network demands high computation resources and energy. With the cellular-vehicle to everything (C-V2X) technology, these applications can be transferred to another node for processing. However, offloading all these tasks to the mobile edge computing (MEC) server becomes a bottleneck. A cluster-based cooperative task offloading scheme for C-V2X networks is proposed. The proposed scheme explores the collaboration between the MEC servers and vehicles with idle computation resources known as the vehicular edge computing (VEC) servers. Vehicles can utilize the direct sidelink vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication for task offloading to the VEC server and the cellular vehicle to network (V2N) communication for task offloading to the MEC server. In the proposed scheme, vehicles are grouped to form clusters in order to enhance link reliability between nodes for efficient task offloading. We then formulate an optimization problem to minimize energy consumption and task offloading latency, which is NP-hard. Accordingly, an improved matching algorithm is proposed to solve this problem by optimizing offloading decisions and resource allocation. According to our results, the proposed scheme reduces offloading latency and energy consumption compared to other existing schemes.