TY - JOUR
T1 - 4D printing
T2 - Technological developments in robotics applications
AU - Khalid, Muhammad Yasir
AU - Arif, Zia Ullah
AU - Ahmed, Waqas
AU - Umer, Rehan
AU - Zolfagharian, Ali
AU - Bodaghi, Mahdi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2022/8/16
Y1 - 2022/8/16
N2 - The idea of four-dimensional (4D) printing is the formation of intricate stimuli-responsive 3D architectures that transform into different forms and shapes upon exposure to environmental stimuli. 4D printing (4DP) of smart/intelligent materials is a promising and novel approach to generate intricate structures for biomedical, food, electronics, textile, and agricultural fields. Nowadays, soft robotics is a growing research field focusing on developing micro/nanoscale 4D-printed robots using intelligent materials. Herein, recent advancements in 4DP of soft robotics, actuators, and grippers are summarized. This review also highlights some recent developments in novel robotics technologies and materials including multi-material printing, electro-, and magneto-active soft materials (MASMs), and metamaterials. It also sheds light on different modeling mechanisms including numerical models and machine learning (ML) models for fabricating highly precise and efficient micro/macro-scaled robots. The applications of shape-memory polymers (SMPs), hydrogels, and liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs)-based 4D-printed soft and intelligent robots in different engineering fields are highlighted. Lastly, this review incorporates current challenges which are hindering the actual utilization of 4D-printed soft robotics and their possible remedies.
AB - The idea of four-dimensional (4D) printing is the formation of intricate stimuli-responsive 3D architectures that transform into different forms and shapes upon exposure to environmental stimuli. 4D printing (4DP) of smart/intelligent materials is a promising and novel approach to generate intricate structures for biomedical, food, electronics, textile, and agricultural fields. Nowadays, soft robotics is a growing research field focusing on developing micro/nanoscale 4D-printed robots using intelligent materials. Herein, recent advancements in 4DP of soft robotics, actuators, and grippers are summarized. This review also highlights some recent developments in novel robotics technologies and materials including multi-material printing, electro-, and magneto-active soft materials (MASMs), and metamaterials. It also sheds light on different modeling mechanisms including numerical models and machine learning (ML) models for fabricating highly precise and efficient micro/macro-scaled robots. The applications of shape-memory polymers (SMPs), hydrogels, and liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs)-based 4D-printed soft and intelligent robots in different engineering fields are highlighted. Lastly, this review incorporates current challenges which are hindering the actual utilization of 4D-printed soft robotics and their possible remedies.
KW - 3D printing
KW - 4D printing
KW - Actuators
KW - Shape memory polymers
KW - Smart materials
KW - Soft robots
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85131962614
U2 - 10.1016/j.sna.2022.113670
DO - 10.1016/j.sna.2022.113670
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85131962614
SN - 0924-4247
VL - 343
JO - Sensors and Actuators A: Physical
JF - Sensors and Actuators A: Physical
M1 - 113670
ER -
