This course introduces the principles and hardware structures of latest programmable computers. It covers various types of CPU microarchitectures (single-cycle, multi-cycle, and pipelined architectures), hazard occurrence and mitigation techniques, memory hierarchies, and virtual memory management. The course also introduces advanced microarchitecture and techniques for power reduction and performance improvement, with an emphasis on sustainability. This course utilizes AI tools to assist students in designing a basic CPU using Hardware Description Language (HDL).